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href="javascript:void(0);"><i class="fas fa-bars fa-fw"></i></a></div></div></nav><div id="post-info"><h1 class="post-title">“输入/输出（I/O）系统”学习提纲</h1><div id="post-meta"><div class="meta-firstline"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">发表于</span><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2022-07-15T10:20:48.000Z" title="发表于 2022-07-15 18:20:48">2022-07-15</time><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">更新于</span><time class="post-meta-date-updated" datetime="2023-04-12T08:23:24.853Z" title="更新于 2023-04-12 16:23:24">2023-04-12</time></span><span class="post-meta-categories"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/categories/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%BB%84%E6%88%90%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86/">计算机组成原理</a></span></div><div class="meta-secondline"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-pv-cv" id="" data-flag-title="“输入/输出（I/O）系统”学习提纲"><i class="far fa-eye fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读量:</span><span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span></span></div></div></div></header><main class="layout" id="content-inner"><div id="post"><article class="post-content" id="article-container"><h1 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="headerlink" title="前言"></a>前言</h1><p>计算机组成原理的知识抽象、晦涩、不易理解并记忆，在此对“输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）系统”一章中重点知识总结成提纲。</p>
<hr>
<h1 id="输入-输出（I-O）系统的组成"><a href="#输入-输出（I-O）系统的组成" class="headerlink" title="输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）系统的组成"></a>输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）系统的组成</h1><ul>
<li>输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）硬件</li>
<li>输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）软件</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h1 id="输入-输出（I-O）系统的控制方式"><a href="#输入-输出（I-O）系统的控制方式" class="headerlink" title="输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）系统的控制方式"></a>输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）系统的控制方式</h1><ul>
<li>程序查询方式</li>
<li>程序中断方式</li>
<li>直接存储器访问（DMA）方式</li>
<li>通道方式</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h1 id="程序查询方式的过程"><a href="#程序查询方式的过程" class="headerlink" title="程序查询方式的过程"></a>程序查询方式的过程</h1><p>对中央处理器（CPU）：</p>
<ol>
<li>执行初始化程序，预置传送参数（计数器参数和数据首地址）</li>
<li>向输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）接口发送命令字，启动输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）设备</li>
<li>从输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）接口接收输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）设备的状态信息</li>
<li>不断查询输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）设备的状态，直到设备准备就绪</li>
<li>与输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）设备传送一次数据</li>
<li>修改传送参数（计数器参数和数据首地址）</li>
<li>判断数据传送是否结束（计数器参数是否归零），若未结束（未归零）则转第3步；若结束（归零）则结束相应程序</li>
</ol>
<hr>
<h1 id="中断技术-系统的功能"><a href="#中断技术-系统的功能" class="headerlink" title="中断技术&#x2F;系统的功能"></a>中断技术&#x2F;系统的功能</h1><ul>
<li>实现中央处理器（CPU）和输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）设备的并行工作</li>
<li>实现处理硬件故障和软件错误</li>
<li>实现应用程序和操作系统的切换（软中断）</li>
<li>实现人机交互</li>
<li>实现多道程序、分时操作</li>
<li>实现实时处理</li>
<li>实现多处理器系统中各处理器之间的信息交流和任务切换</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h1 id="中断的流程"><a href="#中断的流程" class="headerlink" title="中断的流程"></a>中断的流程</h1><ol>
<li>中断请求</li>
<li>中断响应</li>
<li>中断处理</li>
</ol>
<hr>
<h1 id="中央处理器（CPU）响应中断的条件"><a href="#中央处理器（CPU）响应中断的条件" class="headerlink" title="中央处理器（CPU）响应中断的条件"></a>中央处理器（CPU）响应中断的条件</h1><ul>
<li>中央处理器（CPU）允许中断&#x2F;开中断（不可屏蔽中断、异常不受限制）（中断屏蔽触发器置位）</li>
<li>一条指令执行完毕（异常不受限制），且无更紧迫的任务</li>
<li>中断源有中断请求（中断请求触发器、中断允许触发器置位）</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h1 id="中断的优先级"><a href="#中断的优先级" class="headerlink" title="中断的优先级"></a>中断的优先级</h1><blockquote>
<p>中断优先级&#x3D;中断响应优先级（不易改变）+中断处理优先级（可由中断屏蔽字动态改变）</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>不可屏蔽中断&gt;内部异常&gt;可屏蔽中断</li>
<li>内部异常中，硬件故障&gt;软件中断</li>
<li>直接存储器访问（DMA）&gt;输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）设备</li>
<li>输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）设备中，高速设备&gt;低速设备，输入设备&gt;输出设备，实时设备&gt;普通设备</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h1 id="中断识别的类型"><a href="#中断识别的类型" class="headerlink" title="中断识别的类型"></a>中断识别的类型</h1><ul>
<li>向量中断（硬件向量法）</li>
<li>非向量中断（软件查询法）</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h1 id="向量中断-硬件向量法的过程"><a href="#向量中断-硬件向量法的过程" class="headerlink" title="向量中断&#x2F;硬件向量法的过程"></a>向量中断&#x2F;硬件向量法的过程</h1><ol>
<li>识别中断源</li>
<li>获取中断类型号</li>
<li>计算中断向量地址</li>
<li>依据中断向量地址从中断向量表中获取中断服务程序的入口地址（间接寻址）</li>
</ol>
<hr>
<h1 id="单重中断的响应、处理过程"><a href="#单重中断的响应、处理过程" class="headerlink" title="单重中断的响应、处理过程"></a>单重中断的响应、处理过程</h1><ol>
<li>关中断</li>
<li>保存断点（硬件实现）</li>
<li>寻址中断服务程序</li>
<li>保存现场（软件实现）</li>
<li>执行中断服务程序</li>
<li>恢复现场和屏蔽字</li>
<li>开中断</li>
<li>中断返回</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p>注意：中断的断点是下一条指令的地址，异常的断点是当前指令的地址<br>第1-3步由硬件&#x2F;中断隐指令实现，4-8步由软件&#x2F;中断服务程序实现</p>
</blockquote>
<hr>
<h1 id="中央处理器（CPU）能够多重中断的条件"><a href="#中央处理器（CPU）能够多重中断的条件" class="headerlink" title="中央处理器（CPU）能够多重中断的条件"></a>中央处理器（CPU）能够多重中断的条件</h1><ul>
<li>中断服务程序中提前设置开中断指令</li>
<li>优先级高的中断源有权中断优先级低的中断源</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h1 id="多重中断的响应、处理过程"><a href="#多重中断的响应、处理过程" class="headerlink" title="多重中断的响应、处理过程"></a>多重中断的响应、处理过程</h1><ol>
<li>关中断</li>
<li>保存断点（硬件实现）</li>
<li>寻址中断服务程序</li>
<li>保存现场和屏蔽字（软件实现）</li>
<li>开中断（允许多重中断&#x2F;中断嵌套）</li>
<li>执行中断服务程序</li>
<li>关中断</li>
<li>恢复现场和屏蔽字</li>
<li>开中断</li>
<li>中断返回</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p>第1-3步由硬件&#x2F;中断隐指令实现，4-10步由软件&#x2F;中断服务程序实现</p>
</blockquote>
<hr>
<h1 id="直接存储器访问（DMA）控制器（DMAC）的组成"><a href="#直接存储器访问（DMA）控制器（DMAC）的组成" class="headerlink" title="直接存储器访问（DMA）控制器（DMAC）的组成"></a>直接存储器访问（DMA）控制器（DMAC）的组成</h1><ul>
<li>直接存储器访问（DMA）请求触发器</li>
<li>控制&#x2F;状态逻辑电路</li>
<li>主存储器（MM）地址计数器</li>
<li>传送长度计数器</li>
<li>数据缓冲寄存器（DBR）</li>
<li>中断机构</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h1 id="直接存储器访问（DMA）控制器（DMAC）的工作过程"><a href="#直接存储器访问（DMA）控制器（DMAC）的工作过程" class="headerlink" title="直接存储器访问（DMA）控制器（DMAC）的工作过程"></a>直接存储器访问（DMA）控制器（DMAC）的工作过程</h1><ol>
<li>接收输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）设备的直接存储器访问（DMA）请求（狭义）</li>
<li>向中央处理器（CPU）发送总线请求</li>
<li>中央处理器（CPU）响应总线请求，向直接存储器访问（DMA）控制器（DMAC）发送总线响应信号</li>
<li>接管总线控制权，进入直接存储器访问（DMA）操作周期</li>
<li>确定传送数据的主存储器地址和传送长度，自动修改地址和长度计数</li>
<li>规定数据在主存储器和输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）设备的传送方向，发送读写等控制信号，执行数据传送操作</li>
<li>向中央处理器（CPU）报告直接存储器访问（DMA）操作结束</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p>广义直接存储器访问（DMA）请求&#x3D;输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）设备向直接存储器访问（DMA）控制器（DMAC）发送的直接存储器访问（DMA）请求（狭义）+直接存储器访问（DMA）控制器（DMAC）向中央处理器（CPU）发送的总线请求</p>
</blockquote>
<hr>
<h1 id="直接存储器访问（DMA）的传送方式"><a href="#直接存储器访问（DMA）的传送方式" class="headerlink" title="直接存储器访问（DMA）的传送方式"></a>直接存储器访问（DMA）的传送方式</h1><ul>
<li>停止中央处理器（CPU）访存</li>
<li>中央处理器（CPU）和直接存储器访问（DMA）交替访存</li>
<li>周期挪用&#x2F;窃取</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h1 id="直接存储器访问（DMA）的数据传送过程"><a href="#直接存储器访问（DMA）的数据传送过程" class="headerlink" title="直接存储器访问（DMA）的数据传送过程"></a>直接存储器访问（DMA）的数据传送过程</h1><ol>
<li>预处理</li>
<li>数据传送</li>
<li>后处理</li>
</ol>
<hr>
<h1 id="外部设备举例"><a href="#外部设备举例" class="headerlink" title="外部设备举例"></a>外部设备举例</h1><p>输入设备：</p>
<ul>
<li>键盘</li>
<li>鼠标</li>
</ul>
<p>输出设备：</p>
<ul>
<li>显示器</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>存在显示存储器（VRAM）</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>打印机</li>
</ul>
<p>外部存储器（辅存）：</p>
<ul>
<li>磁表面存储器（磁盘、磁带、磁鼓存储器）</li>
<li>光盘存储器</li>
<li>固态硬盘（SSD）</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h1 id="输入-输出（I-O）接口的功能"><a href="#输入-输出（I-O）接口的功能" class="headerlink" title="输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）接口的功能"></a>输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）接口的功能</h1><ul>
<li>地址译码和设备选择</li>
<li>通信联络控制</li>
<li>数据缓冲</li>
<li>信号格式转换</li>
<li>控制命令和状态信息传送</li>
</ul>
<p>或：</p>
<ul>
<li>设备选址</li>
<li>命令传送</li>
<li>数据传送</li>
<li>输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）设备的工作状态反馈</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h1 id="输入-输出（I-O）接口的分类"><a href="#输入-输出（I-O）接口的分类" class="headerlink" title="输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）接口的分类"></a>输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）接口的分类</h1><p>按数据传送方式（输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）接口和外部设备一侧）：</p>
<ul>
<li>串行接口</li>
<li>并行接口</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>因为中央处理器（CPU）速度快，所以输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）接口和主机一侧一定是并行接口</p>
</blockquote>
<p>按主机访问输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）设备的控制方式：</p>
<ul>
<li>程序查询接口</li>
<li>程序中断接口</li>
<li>直接存储器访问（DMA）接口</li>
<li>通道接口</li>
</ul>
<p>按功能选择的灵活性：</p>
<ul>
<li>可编程接口</li>
<li>不可编程接口</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h1 id="输入-输出（I-O）接口的结构"><a href="#输入-输出（I-O）接口的结构" class="headerlink" title="输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）接口的结构"></a>输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）接口的结构</h1><ul>
<li>内部接口（输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）接口和主机一侧）</li>
<li>外部接口（输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）接口和外部设备一侧）</li>
<li>控制逻辑电路</li>
<li>状态&#x2F;控制寄存器</li>
<li>数据缓冲寄存器（DBR）</li>
<li>设备选择电路</li>
<li>命令寄存器和命令译码器</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h1 id="输入-输出（I-O）端口的组成"><a href="#输入-输出（I-O）端口的组成" class="headerlink" title="输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）端口的组成"></a>输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）端口的组成</h1><blockquote>
<p>注意：输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）端口指接口电路中可以被中央处理器（CPU）直接访问、进行读&#x2F;写的寄存器；输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）接口&#x3D;若干输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）端口+控制逻辑电路</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>控制端口，只写</li>
<li>状态端口，只读</li>
<li>数据端口，可读写</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h1 id="输入-输出（I-O）端口的编址方式"><a href="#输入-输出（I-O）端口的编址方式" class="headerlink" title="输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）端口的编址方式"></a>输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）端口的编址方式</h1><ul>
<li>（与存储器）统一编址&#x2F;存储器映射方式</li>
<li>（与存储器）独立编址&#x2F;输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）映射方式</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h1 id="总结"><a href="#总结" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h1><p>计算机组成原理的知识抽象、晦涩、不易理解并记忆，在此对“输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）系统”一章中重点知识总结成提纲。</p>
<hr>
<h1 id="参考资料"><a href="#参考资料" class="headerlink" title="参考资料"></a>参考资料</h1><ul>
<li>《2023年计算机组成原理考研复习指导》组编：王道论坛</li>
<li>哔哩哔哩平台《王道计算机考研 计算机组成原理》视频课</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h1 id="作者的话"><a href="#作者的话" class="headerlink" title="作者的话"></a>作者的话</h1><ul>
<li><strong>感谢参考资料的作者&#x2F;博主</strong></li>
<li>作者：夜悊</li>
<li>版权所有，转载请注明出处，谢谢~</li>
<li><strong>如果文章对你有帮助，请点个赞或加个粉丝吧，你的支持就是作者的动力~</strong></li>
<li>文章在描述时有疑惑的地方，请留言，定会一一耐心讨论、解答</li>
<li>文章在认识上有错误的地方, 敬请批评指正</li>
<li>望读者们都能有所收获</li>
</ul>
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id="aside-content"><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content is-expand"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%89%8D%E8%A8%80"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">前言</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5-%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA%EF%BC%88I-O%EF%BC%89%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%84%E6%88%90"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）系统的组成</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5-%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA%EF%BC%88I-O%EF%BC%89%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%9A%84%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）系统的控制方式</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">程序查询方式的过程</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF-%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">中断技术&#x2F;系统的功能</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">中断的流程</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8%EF%BC%88CPU%EF%BC%89%E5%93%8D%E5%BA%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6"><span class="toc-number">7.</span> <span class="toc-text">中央处理器（CPU）响应中断的条件</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD%E7%9A%84%E4%BC%98%E5%85%88%E7%BA%A7"><span class="toc-number">8.</span> <span class="toc-text">中断的优先级</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB%E7%9A%84%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-number">9.</span> <span class="toc-text">中断识别的类型</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%90%91%E9%87%8F%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD-%E7%A1%AC%E4%BB%B6%E5%90%91%E9%87%8F%E6%B3%95%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B"><span class="toc-number">10.</span> <span class="toc-text">向量中断&#x2F;硬件向量法的过程</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8D%95%E9%87%8D%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%8D%E5%BA%94%E3%80%81%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B"><span class="toc-number">11.</span> <span class="toc-text">单重中断的响应、处理过程</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8%EF%BC%88CPU%EF%BC%89%E8%83%BD%E5%A4%9F%E5%A4%9A%E9%87%8D%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6"><span class="toc-number">12.</span> <span class="toc-text">中央处理器（CPU）能够多重中断的条件</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A4%9A%E9%87%8D%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%8D%E5%BA%94%E3%80%81%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B"><span class="toc-number">13.</span> <span class="toc-text">多重中断的响应、处理过程</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%EF%BC%88DMA%EF%BC%89%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%99%A8%EF%BC%88DMAC%EF%BC%89%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%84%E6%88%90"><span class="toc-number">14.</span> <span class="toc-text">直接存储器访问（DMA）控制器（DMAC）的组成</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%EF%BC%88DMA%EF%BC%89%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%99%A8%EF%BC%88DMAC%EF%BC%89%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B"><span class="toc-number">15.</span> <span class="toc-text">直接存储器访问（DMA）控制器（DMAC）的工作过程</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%EF%BC%88DMA%EF%BC%89%E7%9A%84%E4%BC%A0%E9%80%81%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F"><span class="toc-number">16.</span> <span class="toc-text">直接存储器访问（DMA）的传送方式</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%EF%BC%88DMA%EF%BC%89%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%BC%A0%E9%80%81%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B"><span class="toc-number">17.</span> <span class="toc-text">直接存储器访问（DMA）的数据传送过程</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E4%B8%BE%E4%BE%8B"><span class="toc-number">18.</span> <span class="toc-text">外部设备举例</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5-%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA%EF%BC%88I-O%EF%BC%89%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E7%9A%84%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD"><span class="toc-number">19.</span> <span class="toc-text">输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）接口的功能</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5-%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA%EF%BC%88I-O%EF%BC%89%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E7%9A%84%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB"><span class="toc-number">20.</span> <span class="toc-text">输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）接口的分类</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5-%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA%EF%BC%88I-O%EF%BC%89%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84"><span class="toc-number">21.</span> <span class="toc-text">输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）接口的结构</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5-%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA%EF%BC%88I-O%EF%BC%89%E7%AB%AF%E5%8F%A3%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%84%E6%88%90"><span class="toc-number">22.</span> <span class="toc-text">输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）端口的组成</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5-%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA%EF%BC%88I-O%EF%BC%89%E7%AB%AF%E5%8F%A3%E7%9A%84%E7%BC%96%E5%9D%80%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F"><span class="toc-number">23.</span> <span class="toc-text">输入&#x2F;输出（I&#x2F;O）端口的编址方式</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93"><span class="toc-number">24.</span> <span class="toc-text">总结</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99"><span class="toc-number">25.</span> <span class="toc-text">参考资料</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%9C%E8%80%85%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%9D"><span class="toc-number">26.</span> <span class="toc-text">作者的话</span></a></li></ol></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('/img/cover4.png')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2023 - 2025 By 夜悊</div><div class="footer_custom_text"><a target="_blank" href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" >琼ICP备2023001225号-1</a><br><img src= "" data-lazy-src="/img/beian.png"/>&nbsp<a target="_blank" href="https://www.beian.gov.cn/portal/registerSystemInfo?recordcode=46010802001221" >琼公网安备 46010802001221号</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="translateLink" type="button" title="简繁转换">繁</button><button id="readmode" type="button" title="阅读模式"><i class="fas fa-book-open"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button><button id="darkmode" 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